It is most likely derived from the chimpanzee lineage and thus not ancestral to humans. It has several shared characteristics with chimpanzees, but due to its fossil incompleteness and the proximity to the human-chimpanzee split, the exact position of Ardipithecus in the fossil record is unclear. But it is unclear whether it should be classified as a member of the tribe Hominini, that is, a hominin, as an ancestor of Homo and Pan and a potential candidate for the CHLCA species itself, or simply a Miocene ape with some convergent anatomical similarity to many later hominins.Īrdipithecus most likely appeared after the human-chimpanzee split, some 5.5 million years ago, at a time when hybridization may still have been ongoing. Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an extinct hominine with some morphology proposed (and disputed) to be as expected of the CHLCA, and it lived some 7 million years ago – close to the time of the chimpanzee–human divergence. This would put the CHLCA split in Southeast Europe instead of Africa. A possible candidate is Graecopithecus, though this claim is disputed as there is insufficient evidence to support the determination of Graecopithecus as hominim. No fossil has yet conclusively been identified as the CHLCA. This group represents "the human clade" and its members are called " hominins". Īll the human-related genera of tribe Hominini that arose after divergence from Pan are members of the subtribe Hominina, including the genera Homo and Australopithecus.
Richard Wrangham (2001) argued that the CHLCA species was very similar to the common chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) – so much so that it should be classified as a member of the genus Pan and be given the taxonomic name Pan prior. (Wood (2010) discussed the different views of this taxonomy.) A "chimpanzee clade" was posited by Wood and Richmond, who referred it to a tribe Panini, which was envisioned from the family Hominidae being composed of a trifurcation of subfamilies. They classified Homo and all bipedal apes in the subtribe Hominina and Pan in the subtribe Panina. Mann and Weiss (1996), proposed that the tribe Hominini should encompass Pan and Homo, grouped in separate subtribes. Gorilla now became the separated genus and was referred to the new taxon 'tribe Gorillini'. However, later evidence revealed that Pan and Homo are closer genetically than are Pan and Gorilla thus, Pan was referred to the tribe Hominini with Homo. The taxon tribe Hominini was proposed to separate humans (genus Homo) from chimpanzees ( Pan) and gorillas (genus Gorilla) on the notion that the least similar species should be separated from the other two. It’s not yet clear whether the two episodes of gene flow happened at low levels over a long time or in discrete pulses.Main article: Hominini Hominoidea (hominoids, apes)
The genetic evidence shows that a little less than 1 per cent of the chimpanzee genome came from bonobos, from one contact between 200,000 and 550,000 years ago and another, more recent one less than 200,000 years ago.
“We thought it was a mistake, but we kept seeing it,” says Hvilsom. They were mapping genetic markers that could be used to determine where illegally traded chimps came from so they could be returned to their homes in the wild.īut when they compared the chimp genomes to those of bonobos, they found clear signs of bonobo genes. Hvilsom and her colleagues weren’t actually looking for genetic evidence of ancient interspecies erotica. But it turns out that it must have been breached more than once – although it’s not clear how that happened. Scientists assumed the river was an impenetrable barrier, says Christina Hvilsom from Copenhagen Zoo in Denmark, one of the researchers who worked on the genetic project.
0 kommentar(er)
